Biragoye kumenya amakuru ajyanye na energy mu Rwanda kubera gahunda isanzwe yo gutekinika ama reports.

Kubusanzwe abahanga bagaragazako hari isano ya bugufi hagati y’igihugu kutagira ingufu (energy) n’ubukene cyangwa se kugira ingufu n’iterambere, aribwo bukire.

Urebye mu byegeranyo bya Banki y’isi – World Bank; mu mwaka wa 2016 Rwanda ni igihugu cyari gifite amashanyarazi ku rwego rwa 19.8%, ariko wareba ku rubuga rwa minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa Remezo Mininfra uhasanga imibare itandukanye kuko u Rwanda rufite amashanyarazi ku rwego rwa 31%, harimo ngo 3% off-grid ni ukuvuga abantu bafite umuriro uturuka ku ngomero cyangwa se amasoko y’ingufu ari hafi na hafi aho na 28% on-grid ni ukuvuga bafatira umuriro kuri national grid cyangwa se ku muriro uhuriweho n’igihugu cyose.

Urubuga rwa CIA rwo (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_rw.html )rukavugako u Rwanda rufite amashanyarazi ku rwego rwa 21%.

Uko byamera kose n’aho ibyo leta y’u Rwanda yaba ivuga byaba ari ukuri iyi mibare iri hasi, ariko kuba iri hasi si ikibazo kuko ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere bigira ikibazo cy’amashanyarazi ikibazo ni ukwibeshyera.

Ariko nanone ingufu zivugwa hano zitandukanye n’uko muby’ukuri bisanzwe bizwi mu busobanuro bw’ingufu. Kubundi iyo uvuzeko ijanisha runaka ry’abantu bakoresha ingufu zitutuka ku mashanyarazi biba bivugako bakoresha amashanyarazi mubyo bakora bikenera ingufu nyine, mu Rwanda siko bimeze.

Iki gishushanyo cyerekana uko ingufu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda, ni ukuvuga ingufu zifashishwa mu buzima busanzwe: guteka (cg se imirimo yo mu rugo muri rusange), ingendo nka gari ya moshi mubindi bihugu, n’ibindi. Amashanyarazi angana gutyo akoreshwa ku rwego rwa 4%, ahandi hakoreshwa inkwi n’amakara (80%) mu guteka,

Mu Rwanda urugomero rutanga amashanyarazi menshi kurusha izindi ni urugomero rwa Rusizi II rubatswe mu mwaka wa 1989 rutanga 40MW, rugakurikirwa n’urwa Rusizi I rutanga 30MW rwubatswe mu mwaka wa 1958, rugakurikirwa na Nyabarongo rwubatswe mu mwaka wa 2014 rugatanga 28MW. Uru rugomero rwa Nyabarongo narwo rufite ibibazo mu mikorere yarwo tukibakurikiranira ndetse rushobora kuba rwarahombye birenze bikagaragaza imishinga yizwe nabi, uruganda rwuzuye rutwaye akayabo kavuye mumisoro y’abanyarwanda ariko rukaba rudakora uko rwagakoze

Mininfra iti u Rwanda rufite umuriro ungana na 209 MW, World Bank iti u Rwanda rufite 186 MW megawatt, (ikinyuranyo ni 23MW). Aya mashanyarazi akaba ari ayo guha abaturage barenga 11.5 million.

Twibutseko muri vision 2020 muri gahunda yiswe EARP (Electricity Access Roll Out Program bavugagako 100% by’abaturage bazaba bafite umuriro, bakavugako mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2018 ruzaba dufite umuriro ku rwego rwa 70%. Ese mu gihe dusigaje iyo ntego izaba yagezweho? Ministiri w’intebe Ngirente we ati mu myaka irindwi iri imbere u Rwanda ruzaba rufite amashanyarazi 100%. Buriya yashakaga kuvuga ati buri nzu yo mu Rwanda izaba icanirwa n’amashanyarazi (bishoboka kuba yaravugaga gucanirwa amatara cg gucomeka utuntu nka television usibyeko nabyo bidashoboka, ariko ntabwo yavugaga gukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi kuko ingufu zikoreshwa zo zirazwi nk’uko tumaze kubivuga hejuru).

Nk’uko twatangiye tubivuga, urugero igihugu kigezeho rw’iterambere rugaragazwa n’ingufu z’amashanyarazi rufite, noneho turebe ukuntu leta y’ubumwe yateje u Rwanda rwateye imbere.

Mu mwaka wa 1990 u Rwanda rwari rufite ingufu z’amashanyarazi zingana na 97.5MW. Imbuga zimwe zigaragaza 120MW, ariko reka dufate rumwe rwo hasi rwa Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Rwanda ) hano rwerekana ingomero z’amashanyarazi yari mu Rwanda. Muri uyu mwaka abanyarwanda bari batuwe na miliyoni eshanu.

Kuri ubu niba ingufu z’amashanyarazi rufite ari 186MW nk’uko tubikesha Banki y’isi ni ukuvuga zikubye inshuro zitageze kuri ebyiri (gereranya 97.5 MW na 186 MW) kandi abaturage barikubye inshuro zirenze ebyiri biragaragazako ahubwo twasubiye inyuma, ibyo kubisobanurira abaturage biragoye kuko abona afite umuriro iwe mbere Atari awufite ati twateye imbere, nyamara ibyakozwe twabigereranya n’umugabo wahahiraga urugo rw’abantu 2 agahaha 1 kg hanyuma umuryango wamara kwaguka bamaze kuba 5 agahaha 2kg akavuga uti nsigaye mpaha byinshi. Ahubwo ikibazo cyabaye ni uko basaranganyije umuriro udahagije bigatuma bajyana umuriro ahantu henshi hakitwa ngo hafite amashanyarazi ariko bawubona 1 mu cyumweru. Ariko nabyo ni byiza kuba barabashije kuwubona.

Kubundi se kuvugako muri 2020 u Rwanda rwose ruzaba rufite umuriro bashingira he? Source ingana iki? Ni izihe sources ziri kubakwa zizatanga ingufu zingana iki? Budget iri he? (niba nayo itazajya mu bindi, iyi ni inkuru nayo tukibakurikiranira y’inyerezwa ry’amafaranga yagakoreshejwe mu ngufu),

Iyindi balinga: Biogas

Usomye reports zimwe na zimwe zitangwa n’ubuyobozi bw’umushinga wa Biogaz mu Rwanda; bavugako ingo 9,163 zikoresha biyogazi kandi ngo muturere 30. Turi mu Rwanda ariko n’abandi bazamfashe banyereke byibuze urugo rumwe rutagicana inkwi rukoresha biogas, ubwabyo biramutse ari ukuri imibare yo muri 2012 yavugagako umubare w’amazu mu Rwanda yari 1,055,950 ibyo bikavugako biogas yaba ikoreshwa ku rugero ruri munsi ya 1 (0.8%), ariko uwo mubare nawo ubwawo ntubaho. Aho byageragejwe byarapfuye, ni umushinga wizwe nabi. Umushinga wa biogas ukaba waratwaye akayabo k’amafaranga menshi cyane abayariye barabizi nan’ubu kandi akiribwa. Gusa biogas yararirimbwe mu Rwanda byo!

Indi balinga: Umushinga wa Peat Power

Uyu mushinga koko warizwe barakugendera bafata akayabo k’amafaranga bubaka uruganda rw’iyo nyiramugengeri ahitwa Gishoma Thermal Plant. Iyi yo yahagaze imaze amezi 5, iba irarangiye ubu uruganda rurubatse aho ntacyo rukora, kuko baje gusanga barize nabi umushinga nta ressourses za nyiramugengeri zihagije zari ziri aho uruganda rwubatswe. Ubu bari gushakisha uko bazagura nyiramugengeri hanze zizajya gucanwa I Gishoma. Ninako n’izindi nganda ziri kugeragezwa kubakwa.

Mini grid na za solar home systems ni ikibazo

Mu Rwanda kuvuga uti hari ingo zikoresha ingufu z’izuba ukazerekana biragoye, ariko inyenyeri ni urubuga rutanga ijambo kubantu bose; bakozi ba ba REG mutubwire, ni ingo zingahe zikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba?

Inama nabagira ni ugushyira ingufu mu gutera amashyamba bakigisha abaturage akamaro k’igiti nk’uko byigishwaga na mbere, ntabwo twavuze ibijyanye no gutemba amashyamba ariko turabiziko biomas nizo zikoreshwa cyane iwacu. Ariko ntimucike intege ntabwo inyenyeri igamije kubaca integer ariko ibabwiza ukuri. Kuko nk’icyo twishimira ni uko amavuriro menshi adafite amashanyarazi asanzwe akoresha ingufu z’imirasire y’izuba.