Abahanga bagaye imyubakire igezweho mu mujyi wa Kigali
Ikibazo cy’imyubakire itangiza ikirere mu bihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gihuje abanyamakuru bo mu bihugu bigize ako Karere, Kenya, u Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania n’u Burundi.
Imyubakire ku Isi igira uruhare rungana na 50% by’iyangizwa ry’ikirere, ikibazo ishami rya Loni rishinzwe imiturire(UN Habitat) rigaragaza ko gikomereye Isi.
Inzobere mu bijyanye n’imyubakire ikwiye, Prof Musau Kimeu ,uyobora Ishami ryigisha ubumenyi bw’imyubakire muri Kaminuza ya Nairobi(Chairman, Department of Architecture and Building Science), yerekanye uburyo inzu zikwiye kubakwamo ntibyangize ikirere n’ibidukikije muri rusange kandi bikabyarira igihugu inyungu.
Musau yagize ati ‘’Imyubakire y’inzu muri iyi minsi muri Kigali, ni ikibazo gikomeye. Inzu igizwe n’ibirahuri hose… ni bibi cyane.”
Inyubako ndende zibereye amaso zubatswe n’ibirahure ntiziri muri Kigali gusa, kuko mu mijyi nka Nairobi, Dar- es -Salam na Kampala na ho zihari,ariko Musau yagaragaje ko atari zo zikwiye.
Kubakwa n’ibirahuri byinshi, inyinshi kuva hasi kugera hejuru ngo ni bibi cyane, kuko zituma ubushyuhe bwinjiramo kandi ntizikoreshwe uko bikwiye.
Ubwo bushyuhe iyo bwinjiyemo butuma hitabazwa ibyuma bizikonjesha, kandi bigakoresha imyuka yangiza ikirere. Ubwo bushyuhe butuma zidaha ubwisanzure abazikoreramo.
Musau avuga ko amakosa kuri izo nyubako guhera kera kugeza ubu akorwa n’inzego zitandukanye za Leta, inzobere mu by’ubwubatsi (architecturers and engineers), n’ abashyiraho ingamba badatanga amakuru ahwitse ku bijyanye n’imyubakire ikwiye.
Igisubizo ngo ni uko zigomba kubakwa hifashishijwe ibirahure biringaniye, inzu zikaba zishobora no gufashwa n’ibisenge bizitwikiriye kudashyushywa n’izuba.
Umuyobozi w’Agashami k’Imiturire muri Kenya mu Ishami rya Loni Rishinzwe Imiturire, Dr Vincent Kitio, yavuze ko izo nyubako ziteza n’ibindi bibazo bikomeye byo kwirengagiza gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu karere hagakoreshwa ibyo hanze,kandi byateza ikibazo.
Yagize ati “ Nubwo ikibazo atari ahakomoka ibikoresho, ariko murebe bitwarwa n’ubwato butumura imyuka yangiza ikirere, kandi bigahenda ibihugu byabitumije.”
Imyubakire idakwiye ituma inyubako muri Afurika zikoresha 56% by’ingufu (energy) ziboneka mu gihe inganda n’ubwikorezi bitwara nke ugereranyije n’izigenda ku myubakire.
Kwita ku myubakire mu mijyi ya Afurika na byo ngo bizafasha kuko mu mijyi hakoreshwa ingufu zingana na 75% by’ingufu ziboneka muri Afurika, zikagira uruhare mu gutumura 70% y’ibyotsi bigira ingaruka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Izo mbaraga zigomba gukomeza kwitabwaho zigakoreshwa neza, kuko zidahari nta terembere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza byabaho.
Abubatsi bagirwa inama yo kwirinda kwigana imyubakire ikoreshwa ku yindi migabane,ahubwo bakareba uburyo bukwiye mu karere no muri Afurika.
Muri iyo migabane usanga hari ahashyuha cyane n’ahakonja bidasanzwe hakenewe kwifashisha ibyuma bishyushya n’ibikonjesha inzu,nyamara mu Karere turimo bigatwara amafaranga menshi mu gihe ndetse bitanakenerwa, haramutse hubahirijwe ibisabwa.
Inyubako zigomba kubakwa mu cyerekezo cy’iburasirazuba zigana iburengerazuba, ku buryo izuba ritarasira ku gice kinini kigizwe n’ibirahuri, ahubwo rikarasira ku nkuta, uko rigana mu burengero rigakomeza gutanga urumuri. Bituma hakoreshwa ingufu nke.
Igitangaje ngo ni uko inyubako zo mu myaka yashize ari zo zabaga zitabangamiye iyangizwa ry’ikirere, nubwo hari izabaga zifite amadirishya mato atakwinjiza urumuri uko bikwiye.
